The distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and fibers throughout the chick brain (Gallus domesticus) |
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Authors: | Wayne J Kuenzel Sabine Blähser |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Poultry Science, University of Maryland, 20742 College Park, MD, USA;(2) Institut für Anatomie und Zytobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Aulweg 123, W-6300 Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany |
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Abstract: | Summary Nerve fibers and perikarya containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-like) immunoreactivity were investigated in the brain of the three-week-old chick, Gallus domesticus using the technique of immunocytochemistry. Six major groups of perikarya were found to include the olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle/lobus parolfactorius, nucleus accumbens, septal preoptic hypothalamic region (three sub-nuclei), lateral anterior thalamic nucleus and in and about the oculomotor complex. The immunostaining was unusual in the latter group, suggesting that the neurons may contain a GnRH-II like material. Immunoreactive fibers for GnRH were found throughout the entire brain extending from the olfactory bulbs to the caudal brainstem. Two anatomical areas, not emphasized in the past literature, which had distinct GnRH-like immunoreactivity, included the lateral anterior thalamic nucleus and the preoptic recess. The former included a group of GnRH perikarya that is also known to be a retino-recipient area while the latter contained neuronal terminals some of which appeared to be contacting the cerebrospinal fluid of the preoptic recess. An attempt was made to list all anatomical structures that contained or were juxta-positioned to sites that displayed immunoreactive perikarya and fibers including circumventricular organs.Abbreviations used in figure legends Ac
Nucleus accumbens
- Ap
Archistriatum posterior
- APH
Area parahippocampalis
- AVT
Area ventralis (Tsai)
- BO
Bulbus olfactorius
- CA
Commissura anterior (rostralis)
- CDL
Area corticoidea dorsolateralis
- CO
Chiasma opticum
- CP
Commissura posterior
- CPi
Cortex piriformis
- CPP
Cortex praepiriformis
- CT
Commissura tectalis
- CTz
Corpus trapezoideum
- EW
Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal
- FV
Funiculus ventralis
- GCt
Substantia grisea centralis
- GLv
Nucleus geniculatus lateralis, pars ventralis
- HD
Hyperstriatum dorsale
- HM
Nucleus habenularis medialis
- Hp
Hippocampus
- ICo
Nucleus intercollicularis
- IH
Nucleus inferior hypothalami
- IN
Nucleus infundibuli hypothalami
- IP
Nucleus interpeduncularis
- LA
Nucleus lateralis anterior (rostralis) thalami
- LHy
Regio lateralis hypothalami
- LPO
Lobus parolfactorius
- LSO
Organum septi lateralis (lateral septal organ)
- LT
Lamina terminalis
- ME
Eminentia mediana
- INT. Z
Internal zone
- EXT. Z
External zone
- ML
Nucleus mamillaris lateralis
- MM
Nucleus mamillaris medialis
- nBOR
Nucleus opticus basalis (n. of basal optic root)
- nCPa
Nucleus commissurae pallii
- N III
Nervus oculomotorius
- N V
Nervus trigeminus
- n V M
Nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- OA
Nucleus olfactorius anterior (rostralis)
- OMdl
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii, pars dorsomedialis
- OMv
Nucleus nervi oculomotorii, pars ventralis
- OVLT
Organum vasculosum laminae terminalis
- P
Glandula pinealis
- PA
Palaeostriatum augmentatum (caudate putamen)
- PHN
Nucleus periventricularis hypothalami
- POM
Nucleus praeopticus medialis
- POMn
Nucleus praeopticus medianus
- POP
Nucleus praeopticus periventricularis
- PP
Palaeostriatum primitivum
- PT
Nucleus praetectalis
- PVN
Nucleus paraventricularis magnocellularis
- RPaM
Nucleus reticularis paramedianus
- RPR
Recessus praeopticus
- b, RPR
Basal region, RPR
- F, RPR
Floor, RPR
- R, RPR
Roof, RPR
- S
Nucleus tractus solitarii
- SCO
Organum subcommissurale
- SGP
Stratum griseum periventriculare
- SHL
Nucleus subhabenularis lateralis
- SL
Nucleus septalis lateralis
- SM
Nucleus septalis medialis
- SO
Stratum opticum
- SSO
Organum subseptale
- TO
Tuberculum olfactorium
- TIO
Tractus isthmo-opticus
- TPc
Nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus, pars compacta (substantia nigra)
- TrO
Tractus opticus
- TSM
Tractus septomesencephalicus
- VeD
Nucleus vestibularis descendens
- VeM
Nucleus vestibularis medialis
- VL
Ventriculus lateralis
- VLT
Nucleus ventrolateralis thalami
- VO
Ventriculus olfactorius
- V III
Ventriculus tertius (third ventricle) |
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Keywords: | Immunocytochemistry Neuropeptide Y Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Reproductive function Domestic chicken Gallus domesticus |
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