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Successful microdissection testicular sperm extraction for men with non-obstructive azoospermia |
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| Authors: | Rauni Klami Harri Mankonen Antti Perheentupa |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland;2. Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku |
| Abstract: | Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of male infertility, defined by lack of spermatozoa in the ejaculate caused by impaired spermatogenesis. The chance of biological fatherhood of these men has been improved since the introduction of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (MD-TESE) combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. A thorough patient evaluation preoperatively is essential to recognize any underlying conditions, and to assist in patient counseling on the sperm recovery rate and pregnancy results. This review article summarizes the present data on MD-TESE to reach optimal results is treating men with NOA. |
| Keywords: | MD-TESE microdissection testicular sperm extraction TESE testicular sperm extraction TESA testicular sperm aspiration SRR sperm recovery rate ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection NOA non-obstructive azoospermia OA obstructive azoospermia hCG human chorionic gonadotropin TSH thyroid stimulating hormone CC clomifen citrate LBR live birth rate LH luteinizing hormone FSH follicle stimulating hormone T testosterone KS Klinefelter syndrome PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone SERM selective estrogen receptor modulator Microdissection testicular sperm extraction MD-TESE Azoospermia Male infertility NOA |
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