Respiratory system of the primitive moth Micropterix calthella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera : Micropterigidae) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Social Evolution and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;2. Bioinformatics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;3. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA;1. Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;2. Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;3. Nebraska State Museum, Morrill Hall, Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA;4. Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, California Department of Food & Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832, USA;1. Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, 10024, USA;2. Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;1. INRA CASBAH group, Neuro-PSI Institute, CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;2. BioEmergences, Multilevel Dynamics in Morphogenesis, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;3. Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA;1. Bioresource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea;2. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | The 1st thoracic spiracular atrium is closed by anterior and posterior muscle fibres extending between its dorsal and ventral wall. The 2nd thoracic spiracle has only a single (anterior) closing lip, movable by a muscle inserting on the wall below the spiracular aperture; this configuration may be a lepidopteran ground-plan autapomorphy. There are functional spiracles on abdominal segments I – VII, each with a closing “bow” and “lever”. There are intrinsic occlusor muscles in all abdominal spiracles and the 1st spiracle has an extrinsic (ventral) dilator. Dorsal dilator muscles or ligaments are absent. A dorsal and a ventral tracheal trunk extend from the 1st thoracic spiracle into the head; the latter supplies the mouthparts and the antenna; there is no connection between the dorsal and ventral cephalic trunk systems. There is a single series of lateral connectives between the spiracles of each side. There is a ventral tracheal commissure in both pterothoracic segments, but none in the prothorax. In each pterothoracic segment an anterior and a posterior tracheal arch give off branches to the wing and anastomose with each other on their downwards course into the leg. Wing tracheation is greatly reduced. The anterior and posterior tracheae of each wing are independent of each other. There is a dorsal commissure in abdominal segment VIII; ventral abdominal commissures are lacking in Micropterix, although present in other micropterigid genera. The terminalia are partly supplied from tracheae arising in segment VII. Air sacs occur in the tibiae only. Phylogenetic aspects of holometabolan tracheation patterns are discussed. |
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