Nitrogen Behaviour and Nitrous Oxide Emission in the Tidal Seine River Estuary (France) as Influenced by Human Activities in the Upstream Watershed |
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Authors: | Josette Garnier Aurélie Cébron Gaëlle Tallec Gilles Billen Mathieu Sebilo Anun Martinez |
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Institution: | (1) UMR Sisyphe 7619, Fonctionnement des Hydrosystèmes, Université P. & M. Curie-CNRS, Boite 105, Tour 56, Etage 4, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;(2) SIAAP / DRD, 82, Av. Kléber, 92700 Colombes, France;(3) UMR 7618, Biomco, Université P. & M. Curie – INRA – CNRS, Boite 120, Tour 56, Etage 4, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France |
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Abstract: | The Seine River estuary (France) is the receptacle of a drainage basin characterised by high population density, heavy industrial
activity and intensive agriculture. Whereas nitrate concentrations are high due to diffuse sources in the upstream drainage
basin, ammonium mainly originates from the effluents of the Achères wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) downstream from Paris
and its suburbs (6.5 million equivalent-inhabitants). Ammonium is mostly nitrified in the tidal freshwater estuary and nitrification
causes a strong summer oxygen deficit. Average longitudinal summer profiles of oxygen and nitrogen concentrations for two
periods, between 1993–1997 and 1998–2003 in dry hydrological conditions (excluding the wet years 2000 and 2001) clearly reflect
the changes due to the improved treatment of wastewater from Paris and its suburbs. On the basis of daily water flux data
and twice monthly nitrogen measurements at the boundaries of the upstream freshwater estuarine section (108 km), we calculated
nitrification and denitrification fluxes, whose annual averages were 43 and 71 × 103 kg N d−1 respectively from 1993 to 2003, with summer values (July–September) representing 73 and 57% of the annual fluxes, respectively.
The degree of denitrification in the upper estuary appears to be closely related to the nitrification, itself more loosely
related to the amount of reduced nitrogen (Kjeldahl) brought by the treated effluents from the Achères WWTP. We estimated
the total N2O emissions to about 40 kg N d−1 (25–60 kg N d−1) in the same sector. |
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Keywords: | Domestic impact Nitrogen budget N2O emission Seine tidal estuary |
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