Nematicidal Activity of Plant Essential Oils against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;2. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA;3. National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suweon 441-707, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;2. Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic;3. Géoarchitecture, UFR Sciences & Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France;4. School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy;5. Majella National Park, Sulmona, Italy;6. School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Centro Ricerche Floristiche dell''Appennino, San Colombo, Barisciano, Italy;7. Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy;8. Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627 412 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India;9. Department of Parasitology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany;10. School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The nematicidal activity and poisoning symptoms of 88 plant essential oils against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were examined by an immersion bioassay. Results were compared with those of three trunk-injection nematicides: fenitrithion, levamisol hydrochloride, and morantel tartrate. As judged by 24 h LC50 values, cinnamon bark oil (0.12 mg/ml) was the most effective nematicide, followed by coriander herb oil (0.14 mg/ml). Potent nematicidal activity was also observed with lemongrass, oregano, thyme red, and clove bud oils (LC50, 0.57-0.88 mg/ml). Fenitrothion was ineffective (LC50, > 10 mg/ml). In typical poisoning symptoms in B. xylophilus, these essential oils exerted rapid nematicidal action and the nematodes killed usually showed an extended shape, whereas levamisole hydrochloride and morantel tartrate usually exhibited semicircular and coiling shapes, respectively. The essential oils described merit further study as botanical nematicides for the control of pine wilt disease caused by B. xylophilus. |
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