卵巢癌生物治疗的现状与进展

由于卵巢癌的早期临床症状较不明显,大部分患者就诊时就处于晚期阶段,这对其有效治疗造成了很大困难,使其成为妇科病死率最高的恶性肿瘤,一直广受关注。但目前传统的手术与放化疗方法的治疗效果不佳。近年来随着基础研究工作的不断发展与深入,生物治疗作为新的肿瘤治疗方法引起了人们的重视。生物治疗作为第四种卵巢癌的治疗模式,其采取的针对不同靶位点和靶途径的策略很大程度上促进了卵巢癌治疗的理论和实践研究。生物治疗主要是运用基因治疗、免疫治疗和重组病毒治疗的方法对患者进行治疗,基因治疗包括细胞毒性或自杀基因治疗、纠错性基因治疗、免疫增强性基因治疗和抗肿瘤血管生成基因治疗等。而免疫治疗又分为主动和被动免疫治疗,前者包括树突状细胞疫苗、自体肿瘤疫苗和分子疫苗治疗等,后者如细胞因子治疗、单克隆抗体拮抗治疗以及细胞过继免疫治疗等。上述目前在卵巢癌治疗研究中已取得了一些成果,本文就其卵巢癌的生物治疗现状与进展做一综述。

Current Situation and Progress of Biotherapy for Ovarian Cancer

As the early clinical symptoms of ovarian cancer are not obvious,most patients are in the advanced stage when they start to being treated, which is too late to cure and will encounter many difficulties,so it becomes the highest mortality malignant tumor in gynecology and has been widely concerned. The treatment effects of conventional surgery and chemotherapy or radiation are unsatisfied. With the continuing development of basic science research in recent years, biotherapy as the new treatment for tumor has draw more and more attention. As the fourth treatment pattern of ovarian cancer, biotherapy has greatly promoted the theory and practice of ovarian cancer treatment using the strategies of different target sites and target pathways. Its mainly methods are gene therapy, immunotherapy and recombinant virus therapy, in which the gene therapy includes cytotoxic/suicide gene therapy, error correcting gene therapy, immune enhanced gene therapy and anti tumor angiogenesis gene therapy, etc. Immunotherapy is divided into active and passive immunotherapy, the former includes dendritic cell (DC), autologous tumor vaccine and molecular vaccine, and the latter includes cytokine, monoclonal antibody antagonist therapy and cellular adoptive immunotherapy, etc. Nowadays above biotherapies have achieve a lot of effects in the treatment of ovarian cancer, their current situation and progress will be reviewed in this paper.