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Surface creasing instability of soft polyacrylamide cell culture substrates |
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| Authors: | Saha Krishanu Kim Jungwook Irwin Elizabeth Yoon Jinhwan Momin Farhana Trujillo Verónica Schaffer David V Healy Kevin E Hayward Ryan C |
| Affiliation: | † Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California ‡ Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California § Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California ¶ Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts |
| Abstract: | Efforts to understand and engineer cell behavior in mechanically soft environments frequently employ two-dimensional cell culture substrates consisting of thin hydrogel layers with low elastic modulus supported on rigid substrates to facilitate culturing, imaging, and analysis. Here we characterize how an elastic creasing instability of the gel surface may occur for the most widely used soft cell culture substrate, polyacrylamide hydrogels, and show that stem cells respond to and change their behavior due to these surface features. The regions of stability and corresponding achievable ranges of modulus are elucidated in terms of the monomer and cross-linker concentrations, providing guidance for the synthesis of both smooth and creased soft cell substrates for basic and applied cell engineering efforts. |
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