中国医学昆虫研究的进展与成就

<正> 世界上一半以上的人体传染病是以医学昆虫作为媒介而传播的,加之因它们刺叮吸血等活动对人畜造成的骚扰和影响,严重威胁人类的健康,因此人们很早就对医学昆虫引起了注意。我国早在公元前100多年西汉刘安撰写的淮南子中就已提到“孑孓为蚊”。但是人类对医

THE ADVANCES IN MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY IN CHINA

In this paper, the main progress and achievments of research workof medical entomology in China is intrduced.1. Taxonomy and FaunaThe number of species and subspecies of different kind of sucking blood in-sect of medical importance to be reported in China so far are as follows: mosqu-itoes (near upon 350), fleas (near upon 540), biting midges (about 320), deerflies (about 400), sandflies (about 40) and black flies (about 90). The faunaof Siphonaptera of China was published in 1986. The draft of fauna of Culicidaehas been finished and the faunas of Tabanidae and Phlebotomidae of China arebeing compiled. A few of endemic faunas of insect of medical importance havebeen published in recent years, such as the flea fauna of XinJiang and the mosq-uito fauna of Guizhou, etc.Some of biochemical, genetical and mathematical methods have been appliedto attempt to classify and identify the sibling species and subspecles which aredifficult to be solved by traditional method. Recently a Chinese Culicidae expertsystem (FCUES) by computer has been established.2. Physiology and EcologySome important species of mosquitoes, fleas. house flies and cockroaches havebeen reared successfully in laboratory and large numbers of standard specimensfor research on ecology and control can be supplied. Especially, the technique ofrearing oriental rat flea and suslik flea sucking blood through the artificial me-mbrance, has been reached the advanced leve in the world.Study on ultrastructrue of antennal receptors of Aedes albopicts,, Musca dom-estica and Perilaneta americana and influences of different factors on their ele-ctroantennogram and fooding behaviour have been observed. The overwinteringof Anopheles sinensis, Culex tritaentorhychus. Citellophilus tesquorum sungaris and Phlebotomus chinensis, etc. in China have been studied deeply.3. Relation to Disease The species and their important ecological characters of the main vectors ofmalaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, plague and leishmaniasis by in-vestigation for many years in Cbina have been clear and these diseases transmitedby insect are controlled basically.4. ControlOwing to pay attention to the strategy of the integrate management by thegovernment, much progress in control of insects of medical importance have beengained in recent ten years.Satisfied results have been got in control the recefield-breeding mosquitoesthrough the rice agroecosystem management. use of the impregnated bed-nets withpyrethroids for self protection from mosquitoes and application of Bacillus thuri-ngiensis H-14 and B. sphaericus aginst mosquito larvae.