Renal bioaccumulation of trace elements in urban and rural Sri Lankan populations: A preliminary study based on post mortem tissue analysis |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka;2. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka;3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka;4. Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka;1. Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Okoh-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan;2. Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Okoh-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan;3. Department of Neurosurgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Okoh-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan;4. Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan;1. L.B.P.O/Section Endocrinology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, USTHB, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16 111 Algiers, Algeria;2. Departement of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Agricultural Sciences, UMMTO, 15 000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria;3. ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;4. Iodine Global Network, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;5. Endocrinology Department, Public Hospital Etablishment IbnZiri, Bologhine, 16090 Algiers, Algeria;1. School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA;2. School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China;3. Departments of Physiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China;4. Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA;1. Department of Medical Genetics, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 16 Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China;2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 16 Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 16 Ding Xiang Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China;1. Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology & Community Medicine, University of Ottawa Senior Scientist, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Scientist, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, Canada;2. Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada;3. Department of Pathology & Lab. Medicine, University of Ottawa Clinical Biochemist - Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionEnvironmental pollution, especially by toxic trace elements, is a global health concern. Heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As) and Lead (Pb) are associated with numerous disorders and are considered by some as an aetiological factor for the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKDu1) epidemic in Sri Lanka. This study explores patterns of bioaccumulation of six trace elements in kidneys obtained during forensic autopsies from urban and rural regions in Sri Lanka.MethodsKidney samples obtained from one urban district (n = 13) and three rural districts (n = 18) were lyophilized, microwave digested and profiled by ICP-MS techniques.Results and DiscussionThe mean age of the sampled population was 47.9 ± 11.3 yrs. Median (IQR) for Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Zn and Se were, 14.67(8.04–22.47) μg/g, 0.44(0.29–0.56) μg/g, 0.11(0.07–0.30) μg/g, 0.15(0.1096–0.3274), 25.55(17.24–39.35) μg/g and 0.52(0.37?0.84) μg/g, respectively. Cd, Zn and Se levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) among the urban samples compared to that of the rural group. Zn and Se levels were higher among younger age groups. As, Pb and Cr did not show any significant differences between the two cohorts nor any correlations with age.ConclusionThis population-specific baseline study provides an insight into the differences in exposure to toxic trace elements and essential elements between urban and rural populations. Residents in CKDu affected rural districts did not appear to be at risk of toxic heavy metal exposure, however their renal bioaccumulation of nephroprotective essential elements was lower than urban residents. |
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| Keywords: | Toxic nephropathy Chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology Heavy metal bioaccumulation Post mortem toxicological analysis Environmental pollution |
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