Hair trace element concentrations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
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| Institution: | 1. Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, 150003, Yaroslavl, Russia;2. IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 9, 119146, Moscow, Russia;3. RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198, Moscow, Russia;4. Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, 8602, Mo i Rana, Norway;5. Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya St., 29, 460000, Orenburg, Russia;6. Orenburg State University, Pobedy Ave., 46, 460000, Orenburg, Russia;1. University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany;2. University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz, Austria;3. University of Würzburg, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, Würzburg, Germany;1. Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goias 74001970, Brazil;2. Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, University Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo 15054000, Brazil;3. Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemistry Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania Goias 74001970, Brazil;1. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Rehabilitation, 2nd Chair of Eye Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Łódź, Poland;2. Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chair of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland;1. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, 98135-674, Iran;3. Nano Bioeletrochemistry Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran;4. Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada;1. Environmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;2. Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;1. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey;2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey;3. Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe existing data demonstrate that alteration of trace element and mineral status in children with neurodevelopmental disorders including ASD and ADHD. However, comparative analysis of the specific patterns of trace element and mineral metabolism in children with ASD and ADHD was not performed. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to assess hair trace element and mineral levels in boys with ADHD, ASD, as well as ADHD with ASD.MethodsBoys with ADHD (n = 52), ASD (n = 53), both ADHD and ASD (n = 52), as well as neurotypical controls (n = 52) were examined. Hair analysis was performed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry.ResultsThe obtained data demonstrate that hair Co, Mg, Mn, and V levels were significantly reduced in children with ADHD and ASD, and especially in boys with ADHD + ASD. Hair Zn was found to be reduced by 20% (p = 0.009) only in children with ADHD + ASD as compared to healthy controls. Factor analysis demonstrated that ASD was associated with significant alteration of hair Co, Fe, Mg, Mn, and V levels, whereas impaired hair Mg, Mn, and Zn content was also significantly associated with ADHD. In regression models hair Zn and Mg were negatively associated with severity of neurodevelopmental disorders. The revealed similarity of trace element and mineral disturbances in ASD and ADHD may be indicative of certain similar pathogenetic features.ConclusionThe obtained data support the hypothesis that trace elements and minerals, namely Mg, Mn, and Zn, may play a significant role in development of both ADHD and ASD. Improvement of Mg, Mn, and Zn status in children with ASD and ADHD may be considered as a nutritional strategy for improvement of neurodevelopmental disturbances, although clinical trials and experimental studies are highly required to support this hypothesis. |
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| Keywords: | Neurodevelopmental disorders Zinc Magnesium Manganese Comorbidity |
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