中国农业野生植物原生境保护实践与未来研究方向

农业野生植物原生境保护已成为国内外生物多样性保护热点。截止2011年底,我国利用物理隔离和主流化两种保护方法已建成各类农业野生植物原生境保护点226个,保护物种52个,分布于27个省(自治区、直辖市),其中物理隔离保护点154个,保护物种39个,分布于27个省(自治区、直辖市),主流化保护点72个,保护物种31个,分布于15个省(自治区、直辖市)。本文通过对我国已建成的农业野生植物原生境保护点的调查和分析,比较了物理隔离和主流化两种保护方法的优缺点,总结了两种保护方法建设农业野生植物原生境保护点的经验和存在的主要问题,提出了解决这些问题的思路与对策。在此基础上,结合国际上生物多样性保护的发展趋势,探讨了我国未来农业野生植物原生境保护的发展方向和关键措施。

In-situ Conservation Practices of Wild Relatives of Crops in China

In-situ conservation of wild relatives of crops has been one of the key issues of biological diversity conservation in the World and China in resent years. China has established 226 in-situ conservation sites of wild relatives of crops which distributed in 27 provinces and covered 51 species since 2001 with physical isolation and mainstreaming approaches. Among the total conserved sites, 154 sites with 39 species in 27 provinces and 72 sites with 31 species in 15 provinces were established with physical isolation approach and mainstreaming approach respectively. Based on the results from field surveys and analyses of the established in-situ conservation sites, the authors compared the advantages and disadvantages between physical isolation approach and mainstreaming approach, summarized the main experiences of both approaches and their facing problems, and provided some opinions and countermeasures on detected problems. Finally, some ideas on the main focuses and key points of in-situ conservation of wild relatives of crops in the future were discussed toward to the development trends in the area of biological diversity conservation in the World.