Archaeal and bacterial communities of heavy metal contaminated acidic waters from zinc mine residues in Sepetiba Bay |
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Authors: | Welington I Almeida Ricardo P Vieira Alexander Machado Cardoso Cynthia B Silveira Rebeca G Costa Alessandra M Gonzalez Rodolfo Paranhos João A Medeiros Flávia A Freitas Rodolpho M Albano Orlando B Martins |
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Institution: | 1. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco D, subsolo, sala 5, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil 2. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil 4. Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, 23070-200, Brazil 3. Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Brazil 5. Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-013, Brazil
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Abstract: | Mining of metallic sulfide ore produces acidic water with high metal concentrations that have harmful consequences for aquatic
life. To understand the composition and structure of microbial communities in acid mine drainage (AMD) waters associated with
Zn mine tailings, molecular diversity of 16S genes was examined using a PCR, cloning, and sequencing approach. A total of
78 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from samples collected at five different sites in and around mining residues
in Sepetiba Bay, Brazil. We analyzed metal concentration, physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters related to prokaryotic
diversity in low metal impacted compared to highly polluted environments with Zn at level of gram per liter and Cd–Pb at level
of microgram per liter. Application of molecular methods for community structure analyses showed that Archaea and Bacteria
groups present a phylogenetic relationship with uncultured environmental organisms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that bacteria
present at the five sites fell into seven known divisions, α-Proteobacteria (13.4%), β-Proteobacteria (16.3%), γ-Proteobacteria (4.3%), Sphingobacteriales (4.3%), Actinobacteria (3.2%) Acidobacteria (2.1%), Cyanobacteria (11.9%), and unclassified bacteria (44.5%). Almost all archaeal clones were related to uncultivated Crenarchaeota species,
which were shared between high impacted and low impacted waters. Rarefaction curves showed that bacterial groups are more
diverse than archaeal groups while the overall prokaryotic biodiversity is lower in high metal impacted environments than
in less polluted habitats. Knowledge of this microbial community structure will help in understanding prokaryotic diversity,
biogeography, and the role of microorganisms in zinc smelting AMD generation and perhaps it may be exploited for environmental
remediation procedures in this area. |
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Keywords: | Acidophiles Systematics Ecology Phylogeny Archaea Biodiversity Ecology Molecular phylogeny and molecular biology Zinc mine |
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