Preparation of extracellular domain 3 of human VEGF receptor‐2 and the monitoring of its real‐time binding to VEGF by biosensors

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) plays an important role in stimulating the proliferation of endothelial cells and improving the permeability of blood vessels, which is involved in tumor angiogenesis, a process that is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we describe a method for high yield of recombinant extracellular domain 3 (KDR3) of human VEGFR‐2 in an Escherichia coli system with further purification by cation exchange chromatography and immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). The biological activity of recombinant KDR3 was performed by sequestering VEGF in HUVEC proliferation assay. The real‐time binding of human VEGF to immobilized KDR3 was monitored by a label‐free biosensor, Optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS). Under the given experimental conditions, the association rate constant k_a was 4.2 × 10³ M^?1 s^?1 and the dissociation rate k_d was 5.1 × 10^?3 s^?1. The dissociation constant K_D was then calculated to be 1.2 × 10^?6 M. The obtained values will serve as baseline parameters for the design of improved versions of recombinant soluble VEGF receptors and the evaluation of developed anti‐KDR antibodies. In addition, such a scenario established by the use of OWLS will potentiate the kinetic study of ligand/receptor and antigen/antibody. The receptor discussed here, which block VEGF binding to cell membrane KDR, have potential clinical application in the treatment of cancer and other diseases where pathological angiogenesis is involved. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009