芝麻菜花蜜腺的结构和发育研究

通过解剖镜观察、石蜡切片和薄切片等方法，对芝麻菜的花蜜腺的位置、形态、结构、发育过程及泌蜜前后组织化学变化进行了研究。芝麻菜花蜜腺4枚，分成两对，其中一对侧蜜腺较大，棱柱状，分别着生在外轮2个短雄蕊基部内侧的花托上，结构上由表皮、产蜜组织和维管组织构成；另一对中蜜腺较小，近棒状，分别着生在内轮4个长雄蕊外侧的花托上，结构上仅由表皮和产蜜组织构成。二者表皮细胞外都具角质层，且蜜腺产蜜组织细胞中只含少量的多糖物质。两类蜜腺的蜜汁均由变态气孔泌出体外。无论侧蜜腺还是中蜜腺，蜜腺原基皆是在雌、雄蕊已分化后，由花托相应位置表皮下的1～2层细胞分裂形成的。在蜜腺发育中，产蜜组织细胞在泌蜜前后不具明显的液泡变化。

Structure and development of floral nectary in Eruca sativa (Gars.)

With the help of paraffin section and thin section techniques, the position, morphology, structure and ontogeny of floral nectary in Eruca sativa (Gars.) Mill was studied. The change of the histochemistry of nectariferous tissue before and after exudation of nectar, the relation between nectary structure and accumulation , as well as transportation and secretion of nectar in the development of nectary were also investigated. The flower of Eruca sativa (Gars.) Mill possessed four floral nectaries , which consisted of two pairs. One lateral pair was located on receptacle on the inner surface of bases of two short stamen filament. Another median pair was located on receptacle , which just situated adjacent to outer bases of four long stamen filaments. Both of them belong to receptacle nectary . The lateral nectaries were prism shaped and larger than median nectary . They consisted of epidermis and nectariferous and vascular tissue (phloem only). The small median nectaries were peg shaped and composed of epidermis and nectariferous tissue. Epidermis of lateral and median nectaries were all covered by a cuticle. Both of nectary possessed a small amount of polysaccharide. The nectar were all exuded out of nectary via modified stomata. Lateral and median nectaries of Erucs sativa (Gars.) Mill only inotiated after the other floral organs were developed. The primordium of those nectaries originated from epidermis cell and 2 contiguous parenchymtaous cell layers.