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An inhibitor-like binding mode of a carbonic anhydrase activator within the active site of isoform II |
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| Authors: | Dave Khyati Ilies Marc A Scozzafava Andrea Temperini Claudia Vullo Daniela Supuran Claudiu T |
| Affiliation: | a Temple University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States b Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States c Università degli Studi, Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Via della Lastruccia 3, Rm. 188, Polo Scientifico, 50019-Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy |
| Abstract: | The 2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium derivative of histamine is an effective activator of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). However, unlike other CA activators, which bind at the entrance of the active site cavity, an X-ray crystal structure of hCA II in complex with the 1-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-ethyl]-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium salt evidenced a binding mode never observed before either for activators or inhibitors of this enzyme, with the 2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium ring pointing towards the metal ion deep within the enzyme cavity, and several strong hydrophobic interactions stabilizing the adduct. Indeed, incubation of the activator with the enzyme for several days leads to potent inhibitory effects. This is the first example of a CA activator which after a longer contact with the enzyme behaves as an inhibitor. |
| Keywords: | Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme activator Enzyme inhibitor X-ray crystallography Histamine Pyridinium salt |
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