北京市主要建筑保温材料生命周期与环境经济效益评价

在低碳、绿色、环保、生态成为当代城市文明的主题下,建筑保温材料作为建筑节能最主要的解决途径之一备受关注,以北京市75%节能6层模拟住宅为例,利用DeST-h软件计算得出其墙体传热系数K值为0.40 W m-2K-1,节约电量42.31 kW h-1m-2,通过计算可节约标煤17.09 kg/m2,减少CO2排放量42.19 kg/m2,减少SO2排放量1.27 kg/m2,减少NOx排放量0.635 kg/m2,减少煤粉尘排放量11.5 kg/m2,减少煤烟尘排放5.75 kg/m2,环境效益36.66元/m2。并利用生命周期原理进行简化计算出4种常见保温材料岩棉、XPS、EPS和聚氨酯的50a建筑寿命周期中的总能耗分别为6.55×106、6.63×106、6.58×106、6.77×106kJ/m2,其中不同阶段能耗所占的比例从大到小依次为运行能耗生产能耗运输能耗。保温材料资金回收年限、环境效益回收年限和能耗回收年限的大小顺序:聚氨酯XPS≈EPS岩棉,三者顺序基本一致。并对建筑外墙保温材料科学评价与发展趋势进行探讨。

Life cycle assessment and environmental & economic benefits research of important building external insulation materials in Beijing

As the idea of low carbon, green, environmental protection and ecology becomes the civilization symbol of modern city, thermal insulation materials in buildings, as an effective way to reduce energy cost in architecture, have attracted numerous attentions up to now. In the present report, DeST-h software was adopted to investigate the energy saving model, which can save 75% energy cost, used in 6-floor housing in Beijing. The heat transfer coefficient (K) was calculated to be 0.40 W m^-2 K^-1, which means it can save about 42.31 kW h^-1 m^-2 per square meter. Based on these calculations, it was found that 17.09 kg coal can be saved per square meter area in the building, resulting in reducing 42.19 kg carbon dioxide (CO₂), 1.27 kg sulfur dioxide (SO₂), 0.635 kg nitrogen oxide (NO_x), 11.5 kg coal powder dust and 5.75 kg coal smoke dust emission per square meter area in the building. These reductions generate -36.66 RMB profit per square meter area in building. In addition, the total energy savings of the four common thermal insulate materials (rock wool, XPS, EPS and Polyurethane) in 50 years was respectively calculated to be 6.55×10⁶, 6.63×10⁶, 6.58×10⁶, 6.77×10⁶kJ/m² based the theory of LCA. Furthermore, the energy consumption proportion differs at different stage. The largest one is operation energy consumption and followed by production energy consumption and transportation energy consumption. In addition, the total capital payback period of thermal insulator materials, environmental benefits and energy saving of these four kinds of materials are also different from each other. The longest capital payback period is found to be polyurethane and followed by XPX and EPS, and the shortest one is rock wool. What's more, the scientific evaluation and the developing trends on building's exterior all thermal insulation materials were also outlined in this report.