染色体转位(Translocation)与癌症

许多种癌症是由染色体转位引起的。这是因为转位使原癌基因活化并过量表达,或是转位使基因融合。大部分已确认的转位都与免疫系统(免疫球蛋白和T细胞受体基因)本身固有的V(D)J重组有关。此外,外界因素,如电离辐射和某些化学药物等因素使DNA双链断裂,也可能导致染色体转位和癌变。了解染色体转位和癌变机制,对临床诊断和防治具有重要应用价值 。

Chromosome Translocation and Cancer

Many types of cancer have now been identified as a result of chromosome translocations.Translocations result in deregulation(overexpression) of proto\|oncogenes or gene fusion.The majority of the characterized translocations are linked to errors in the programmed V(D)J recombination of the immunoglobulin and T\|cell receptor genes in the immune system.Moreover,exogenous agents,such as ionizing radiation and some chemicals can result in chromosome translocation and tumorigenesis because of their role on induction of DNA double strand breaks.Understanding of basis of various translocations and related cancers has the important clinical applications in the diagnosis and prognosis.