新疆库尔勒市土地利用变化对土壤性状的影响研究

土地利用与土地覆被变化是全球变化研究的热点问题。在新疆库尔勒市选择土地利用变化后已持续利用15－20a的9种典型利用方式，11个剖面，与荒漠、原始胡杨林2各参照利用方式3个标准剖面进行对比分析。结果显示土地利用变化对土壤养分、土壤盐分、土壤侵蚀、土壤水分和土地生产力有明显的影响，荒漠开垦后土壤养分呈下降趋势，土壤侵蚀强度也呈下降趋势，土地生产力与土壤有水分含量呈上升趋势。同时发现土壤侵蚀强度与生产力呈负相关关系，土地生产力与土壤水分呈正相关关系。林、草有利于保护干旱区生态环境，调整土地利用结构，合理开垦，加之预防和治理措施在一定程度上可防止或减弱土地退化（荒漠化）进程。

The effect of land use changes on soil conditions in Korla City, Xinjiang

Land use change may influence a variety of natural and ecological processes, including soil nutrient, soil moisture, soil erosion, land productivity and biodiversity. The 9 typical land use patterns lasted for 15~20 years have been chosen to study the effect of different land use patterns on soil nutrient, soil erosion, soil moisture, saline and so on. We drew conclusions as follows: Firstly, it is clear of the effect of land use change on soil. Land use change results in the decline of soil nutrient and erosion rate, but the increase of land productivity; Secondly, the erosion rate and the rate of vegetation cover is the subtractive correlativity. It reflects the effect of soil erosion on land productivity. It is clear of the positive correlativity between land productivity and soil moisture and explains the role of land surface vegetation to preventing aridity in the northwestern China; Lastly, it is feasible to develop animal husbandry properly in arid region. The topgallant land use pattern is forest and meadow in arid region. The rational land use may prevent or weaken the intensity of soil erosion in a certain extent. Therefore, activities accorded with ecological principal such as readjustment of land use structure, rational reclamation along with adoption of prevention and control measures can reverse land degradation process.