The multiple personality disorder phenotype(s) of circulating endothelial cells in cancer |
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| Authors: | Francesco Bertolini Patrizia Mancuso Paola Braidotti Yuval Shaked Robert S. Kerbel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. European Institute of Oncology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy;2. University of Milan, Department of Medicine, Surgery, Odontology, San Paolo Hospital and IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico, Mangiagalli, Regina Elena, Milan, Italy;3. Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Haifa, Israel;4. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5 |
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| Abstract: | Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial progenitors (CEPs) are currently being investigated in a variety of diseases as markers of vascular turnover or damage and, also in the case of CEPs, vasculogenesis. CEPs appear to have a “catalytic” role in different steps of cancer progression and recurrence after therapy, and there are preclinical and clinical data suggesting that CEC enumeration might be useful to select and stratify patients who are candidates for anti-angiogenic treatments. In some types of cancer, CECs and CEPs might be one of the possible hidden identities of cancer stem cells. The definition of CEC and CEP phenotype and the standardization of CEC and CEP enumeration strategies are highly desirable goals in order to exploit these cells as reliable biomarkers in oncology clinical trials. |
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| Keywords: | Angiogenesis Endothelial cells Endothelial progenitors |
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