深圳湾福田红树林群落演替

对深圳湾福田凤塘河红树林演替过程中的群落结构、物种组成、多样性变化及演替趋势的研究结果表明:(1)演替各阶段群落均由秋茄(Kandelia candel)、木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)、白骨壤(Avicennia marina)及老鼠簕(Acanthus ilicifolius)5个种类组成。(2)演替早期(4 a)群落高度增长较快,之后继续保持较快增长,至17 a时趋于稳定,之后增长速度缓慢。(3)4 a和17 a的群落立木级均分布在Ⅱ级—Ⅳ级,56 a和73 a的群落立木均达到最高级Ⅴ级,该两群落立木在Ⅱ级—Ⅴ级均有分布。(4)随着演替的进展,除了73 a群落盖度较56 a群落稍有下降外,其它演替群落盖度逐渐增加;群落胸高断面积表现出与盖度一致的变化趋势;群落个体密度则逐渐下降;群落物种多样性和均匀度不断提高,群落优势度则逐渐下降;群落相似性系数的变化表明在演替过程中群落物种组成结构没有发生明显变化。(5)群落变化及演替为:秋茄+桐花树群落→秋茄群落→白骨壤+秋茄群落→白骨壤群落。

Succession of a mangrove forest in Futian, Shenzhen Bay

The community structure, species composition, species diversity and succession trend of a mangrove forest in Futian, Shenzhen Bay, China were analysed. Results showed that (1) All the 4-age mangrove communities of the succession process were consisted of Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Acanthus ilicifolius ; (2) The community grew rapidly at early succession stage (4a), and kept a fast rate until 17a when its height gradually came to a stable stage, after then it grew very slowly; (3) The community's stand class increased rapidly and came to the 4th stand class at 4a community, but it arrived at the highest stand class (the 5th stand class) until 56a. So the 4a and 17a communities were distributed in the 2nd to the 4th stand classes, while the 56a and 73a communities were distributed in the 2nd to the 5th stand classes. (4) With the process of succession, the coverage of community increased gradually except that 73a was lower than that of 56a, and the same succession pattern of breast height was observed, while the density declined gradually with succession. The species diversity and community evenness increased gradually, whereas the ecological dominance declined with succession. The similarity of the community showed that there was no significant changes in community species composition during the succession. (5) The changes and succession trend of the community was: Community of K. candel, A. corniculatum→ Community of K. candel → Community of A. marina, K. candel→Community of A. marina.