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A Causal Model for Joint Evaluation of Placebo and Treatment‐Specific Effects in Clinical Trials |
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| Authors: | Zhiwei Zhang Richard M. Kotz Chenguang Wang Shiling Ruan Martin Ho |
| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Biostatistics, Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, , Maryland 20993, U.S.A.;2. Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, , Maryland 21287, U.S.A. |
| Abstract: | |
| Keywords: | Blinding Causal inference Confounding Counterfactual Placebo effect Potential outcome |