Utilization of Unfermented Cassava Flour for the Production
of an Indigenous African Fermented Food, Agbelima |
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Authors: | Wisdom Kofi Amoa-Awua Margaret Owusu Patrick Feglo |
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Institution: | (1) Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M.20, Accra, Ghana, West Africa |
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Abstract: | Summary Unfermented cassava flour, also called high quality cassava flour (HQCF) is used as a partial substitute for wheat flour in
the baking industry. This work was carried out to produce an indigenous fermented cassava dough, agbelima, from high quality
cassava flour in order to diversify uses for the flour. An isolate of each of the dominant species of lactic acid bacteria
isolated from agbelima, was used to ferment reconstituted HQCF dough into agbelima, whilst pH changes, population on MRS,
and the organoleptic quality were assessed. The antimicrobial properties of the fermenting samples against three enteric pathogens
were also investigated. Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fermentum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were isolated at levels of 1010, 109, 109 and 108 c.f.u. g−1 respectively in agbelima. All isolates and a control sample, produced agbelima with pH of between 4.11 and 3.82 in 48 h,
and ANOVA showed no significant difference between the pH of the samples at P ≤ 0.05. Spontaneous fermentation of the reconstituted dough was possible, because the flour was found to contain Lactobacillus plantarum at a level of 106 c.f.u. g−1 as well as the other species isolated from agbelima. Counts of Gram-positive catalase-negative rods and cocci on MRS in all
the fermented samples were at levels of 108 to 109 c.f.u. g−1, with ANOVA showing no significant difference between the populations at P ≤ 0.05. Three enteric pathogens, Salmonella typhimurium 9, Echerichia coli D2188 and Vibrio cholerae C-230, inoculated into the samples at 106 to 107 c.f.u. g−1 at the start of fermentation, could not be detected in 10 g of any of the samples at the end of 48 h fermentation. A taste
panel preferred banku - a stiff porridge made from a combination of fermented maize dough and fermented cassava dough – prepared
with fermented HQCF dough to banku prepared with a market sample of agbelima or reconstituted agbelima flour. Processing the
highly perishable cassava roots into high quality cassava flour, therefore, offers a means for preserving cassava, which can
subsequently be used for both industrial and traditional purposes. |
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Keywords: | Agbelima fermentation high quality cassava flour lactobacillus starter culture |
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