高脂摄入对小鼠空肠微生物群落结构及功能的损伤

探讨高脂饲养对动物肠道菌群结构及功能的影响。

选择60只8周龄的清洁级雌性KM小鼠, 随机分为3组: 正常饮食组(ND组)、高脂饮食组(HD组)和饥饿组(LD组), 每组20只。预饲期2周, 正饲期4周, 实验结束称重后处死小鼠, 采集小鼠空肠内容物, 采用16S rDNA测序技术分析空肠菌群结构多样性和功能差异。

(1) 不同饲喂方式下各组小鼠体质量变化差异有统计学意义(F=48.859 0, P < 0.05);(2)16S rDNA分析表明, ND组、HD组和LD组小鼠空肠菌群OTUs数量分别为1 218、1 724和1 769个, 其中特有OTUs数量HD组和LD组显著高于ND组, HD组和LD组的Chao1指数和Ace指数显著高于ND组(F=136.747 0、275.740 0, 均P < 0.05);(3)不同饲喂方式下小鼠空肠鉴定出的微生物归为12个门, Bacteroidota和Firmicutes为优势菌门; 丰度大于1%的菌属有17个, 物种注释发现HD组和LD组分别有11个、6个菌属丰度显著增加; 在科水平, Bacteroidaceae和Erysipelotrichaceae在HD组显著高于其他2组(F=5.795 0、154.733 0, 均P < 0.05), Lactobacillaceae和Muribaculaceae在LD组显著高于其他2组(F=9.576 0、7.139 0, 均P < 0.05), Prevotellaceae和Helicobacteraceae在ND组显著高于其他2组(F=130.123 0、20.321 0, 均P < 0.05);(4)KEGG功能预测发现不同饲喂方式小鼠空肠微生物的功能主要在碳水化合物代谢、复制和修复等方面富集; 通过PPIs聚类发现空肠微生物主要富集在碳水化合物代谢、能量吸收等方面。

高脂饲喂使小鼠肠道菌群结构发生变化, 有益菌数量减少, 进而损伤肠道上皮组织, 破坏肠道屏障, 使其功能发生紊乱。

Damage of high-fat intake on the structure and function of mice jejunum microbial community

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of high-fat feeding on the structure and function of animal intestinal flora.MethodsSixty 8-week-old clean female KM mice were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: normal diet group(ND), high-fat diet group(HD) and starvation group(LD). There were 20 animals in each group, the pre-feeding period was 2 weeks, and the normal feeding period was 4 weeks. After the test, the mice were weighed and slaughtered. The contents of the mouse jejunum were collected, and 16 S rDNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the structural diversity and functional differences of the jejunal flora.Results(1) The weight changes of mice in each group under different feeding methods were significantly different(F=48.859 0, P < 0.05);(2) 16 S rDNA analysis showed that the number of OTUs in the ND group, HD group and LD group were 1 218, 1 724 and 1 769, respectively. The number of OTUs in the HD group and LD group were significantly higher than that of the ND group. The Chao1 index and Ace index of the HD group and the LD group were significantly higher than the ND group(F=136.747 0, F=275.740 0, all P < 0.05);(3) The microbes identified in the mouse jejunum under different feeding methods.
There were 12 phyla, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla of each group; there were 17 genera with abundance greater than 1%, and the species annotation found that the abundance of 11 and 6 genera in the HD group and the LD group respectively increased significantly; At the family level, Bacteroidaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae in the HD group were significantly higher than the other two groups(F=5.795 0, F=154.733 0, all P < 0.05), Lactobacillaceae and Muribaculaceae in the LD group were significantly higher than the other two groups(F=9.576 0, F=7.139 0, all P < 0.05), and Prevotellaceae and Helicotabacteraceae were significantly higher in the ND group In the other two groups(F=130.123 0, F=20.321 0, all P < 0.05);(4) Through KEGG function prediction, it was found that the function of mouse jejunum with different feeding methods was mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, replication and repair. Through PPIs clustering, it was found that jejunal microbes were mainly enriched in the aspects of carbohydrate metabolism, energy absorption, etc.ConclusionHigh-fat feeding changes the structure of the intestinal flora of mice, reduces the number of beneficial bacteria, which in turn damages the intestinal epithelial tissue, destroys the intestinal barrier, and makes its function disorder.