口服微生态制剂对早产低体重新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的预防效果

分析口服微生态制剂预防早产低体重新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）的效果。

采用随机数字表法将我院2021年2月至2022年3月收治入院的82例早产低体重新生儿分为观察组和对照组，各41例。对照组患儿予以常规对症治疗，观察组在此基础上予以口服微生态制剂预防治疗。对比两组早产儿NEC发生率和手术率，干预前后免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgM、IgA）水平变化情况，肠道菌群变化情况。

观察组患儿NEC发生率为7.32%，显著低于对照组的24.39%（P＜0.05）。干预后观察组患儿IgG、IgM、IgA水平高于对照组，组间差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。干预后观察组患儿肠道细菌总数、球菌总数、杆菌总数高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。干预7 d、14 d后，两组患儿体质量均有所增加，且观察组患儿体质量高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。观察组患儿达到完全肠内营养时间短于对照组（P＜0.05）。

口服微生态制剂可有效降低早产低体重新生儿NEC的发生率，促进早产儿肠道菌群稳定，增强患儿免疫能力，对改善早产低体重新生儿预后具有重要的意义。

Effect of oral probiotics in prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature low birth weight neonates

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of oral probiotics in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature low birth weight neonates. MethodsA total of 82 premature low birth weight neonates admitted from February 2021 to March 2022 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 41 cases in each group. The control group were treated with conventional symptomatic treatment. On this basis, the observation group was treated with oral probiotics for prevention and treatment. The incidence and operation rate of NEC of premature infants, as well as the changes of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, IgA) levels and intestinal flora before and after the intervention were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe incidence of NEC in the observation group was 7.32%, significantly lower than that in the control group (24.39%). After intervention, the levels of IgG, IgM and IgA in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, with significant difference (all P＜0.05). After intervention, the levels of total bacteria, total cocci and total bacilli in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, with significant differences (all P＜0.05). Seven days and 14 days after treatment, the body weights increased in two groups, and the body weights in observation group was higher than in control group (all P＜0.05). ConclusionOral probiotics treatment can effectively reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm low birth weight neonates, promote the stability of intestinal flora, and enhance the immune capacity, which has an important significance in improving the prognosis of preterm low birth weight neonates.