3D treatment planning for heavy charged particles

Summary The comments herein describe, at a necessarily superficial level, a number of issues which must be addressed in developing plans for heavy charged particle therapy. Programs now exist which provide the needed capabilities. The challenge now is to make the planning process easier and faster- and possibly more efective. It seems likely that this will be achieved in the next few years.Invited paper given on the fourth workshop on Heavy Charged Particles in Biology and Medicine GSI, Darmstadt, FRG, September 23–25, 1991