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Studies on the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids by Datura stramonium L. transformed root cultures
Authors:Richard J. Robins  Elisabeth G. Bent  Michael J. C. Rhodes
Affiliation:(1) Plant Biotechnology Group, Genetics and Microbiology Department, AFRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Science Park, NR4 7UA Colney, Norwich, UK
Abstract:
Transformed root cultures of Datura stramonium, competent in tropane-alkaloid biosynthesis, have been treated with exogenous plant growth regulators. It was found that combinations of agr-naphthalene-acetic acid, kinetin (N6-furfurylaminopurine) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induced de-differentiation, causing both the rooty phenotype and the hyoscyamine-biosynthetic capacity to be lost. Alkaloid biosynthesis disappeared rapidly and prior to the loss of morphological integrity. It was observed that the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), arginine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.19) and N-methylputrescine oxidase did not show the increase in level normally associated with subculturing the roots. The level of putrescine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.53) activity, the first enzyme fully committed to hyoscyamine biosynthesis, rapidly declined, about 80% being lost from the roots within 12h. This activity, although showing some temporary restoration, declined further after a few days, and was totally absent from fully dispersed cultures. N-Methylputrescine oxidase persisted at a low level. Following sub-culture of established de-differentiated lines to plant-growth-regulator-free medium, limited root regeneration occurred. The roots formed showed renewed competence in alkaloid biosynthesis and putrescine N-methyltransferase and N-methylputrescine oxidase activities were restored to their normal levels. The relationship between the morphological state and alkaloid-biosynthetic capacity of the cultures is discussed in relation to the overall control of alkaloid biosynthesis.Abbreviations ADC arginine decarboxylase - FW fresh weight - MPO N-methylputrescine oxidase - NAA agr-naphthalineacetic acid - ODC ornithine decarboxylase - pgr plant growth regulator - PMT putrescine N-methyltransferaseWe are most grateful to Abigael Peerless and Bridget Chapman for assistance with various part of this work.
Keywords:Alkaloid biosynthesis  Datura  Putrescine  N-methyltransferase  Root (alkaloid biosynthesis)  Root culture (transformed)  Tropan alkaloids
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