Possible involvement of protease-activated receptor-1 in the regulation of morphine-induced dopamine release and hyperlocomotion by the tissue plasminogen activator-plasmin system |
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Authors: | Ito Mina Nagai Taku Mizoguchi Hiroyuki Fukakusa Ayumi Nakanishi Yutaka Kamei Hiroyuki Nabeshima Toshitaka Takuma Kazuhiro Yamada Kiyofumi |
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Institution: | Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan. |
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Abstract: | We have previously demonstrated that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-plasmin system participates in the rewarding effect of morphine, by regulating dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, it is unclear how plasmin increases the morphine-induced release of dopamine and hyperlocomotion. In the present study we investigated whether protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) is involved in the regulation of acute morphine-induced dopamine release by the tPA-plasmin system. Morphine significantly but transiently increased extracellular tPA activity in the NAc, which was completely blocked by naloxone. Microinjection of a PAR-1 antagonist, (tyr(-1))-thrombin receptor activating peptide 7, into the NAc significantly reduced morphine-induced dopamine release in the NAc and hyperlocomotion although the treatment had no effect on basal dopamine release and spontaneous locomotor activity. Furthermore, the PAR-1 antagonist blocked the ameliorating effect of plasmin on the defect of morphine-induced dopamine release in the NAc of tPA-deficient mice. In contrast, intracerebroventricular injection of the PAR-1 antagonist had no effect on the antinociceptive effects of morphine in mice. These results suggest that PAR-1 is a target for the tPA-plasmin system in the regulation of acute morphine-induced dopamine release in the NAc. |
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Keywords: | dopamine in situ zymography morphine plasmin protease-activated receptor-1 tissue plasminogen activator |
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