23种伞形科植物果实形态及其分类学意义

该实验采用徒手切片法对伞形科17属23种植物的果实进行了外部形态和解剖特征的观察,结果表明:伞形科果实有背腹压扁、两侧压扁和不压扁3种类型;侧棱有宽、有窄;油管的分布有棱槽单油管型和棱槽多油管型;花柱基多数为圆锥状,少数种的花柱基为扁平垫状;萼齿明显或不明显。通过进一步对属间和属内果实解剖特征的比较得出:(1)果实表面被钩刺或刚毛及果棱特征在属间差异明显,在属内表现出一致性,可作为伞形科属间分类的依据。(2)果实横切面的形状、胚乳腹面的凹凸以及萼齿的形态特征在属内种间的分类研究中有重要的意义。基于果实形态特征,编制了17属23种植物的分种检索表。

Fruit Morphology of 23 Species in Umbelliferae and Its Taxonomic Significance

Using the hand sliced method,we observed the external morphology and anatomical characters of fruit of 17 genera 23 species in Umbelliferae in this paper.There are three types of fruits:dosal strongly compressed,lateral strongly compressed and not compressed;Lateral ribs are wide or narrow;For vittae in the furrow,it contains mono-vittae and multi-vittae;The stylopodium of most species is conical,and that of a few species is flat;Calyx teeth are small or obsolete.The comparison of anatomical characters of fruit among different genera and within one genus shows that:(1)bristles or spines on the fruit surface and the features of ribs exhibit distinct differences among different genera,whereas are identical within one genus.The two characters can be evaluated as significant taxonomic references in the genus level in Umbelliferae;(2)the shape of fruit transection and the morphological characters of endosperm concrescence and calyx teeth are significant characters at the species level.Based on morphological characters of fruit,a key to 17 genera and 23 species is provided.