大蒜浸出液对平菇细菌性褐斑病病原菌托拉斯假单胞杆菌的抑菌作用

【背景】由托拉斯假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas tolaasii)引起的平菇细菌性褐斑病在国内外大面积发生，导致产量降低，并有潜在的安全风险，寻找安全有效的抑菌剂对产业发展具有重要意义。【目的】通过5种不同溶剂提取得到大蒜浸出液，测定其对平菇细菌性褐斑病病原菌托拉斯假单胞杆菌的抑制作用，同时检测其对平菇菌丝生长的作用。【方法】利用抑菌圈法测定5种不同的大蒜浸出液对托拉斯假单胞杆菌的抑菌作用，利用平板扩散法筛选能促进平菇菌丝生长的药剂及适宜的浓度。【结果】5种大蒜浸出液原液对托拉斯假单胞杆菌均有显著的抑菌活性，其中大蒜山杏壳木醋液浸出原液抑菌效果最强。不同浓度的大蒜浸出液抑菌作用比较发现，浓度为10%的大蒜山杏壳木醋液浸出液具有较好的抑菌效果，其抑菌效果与0.33 mg/mL的链霉素相当，并对平菇菌丝生长有显著的促进作用，菌丝生长速度显著大于对照，并且菌丝浓密，边缘整齐。【结论】本研究为大蒜与山杏壳木醋液复配药剂防治平菇细菌性褐斑病奠定了实验基础。

Antibacterial effect of Allium sativum leachate on Pseudomonas tolaasii, the pathogen of brown blotch disease infecting Pleurotus ostreatus

Background] The Pseudomonas tolaasii-caused brown blotch disease of Pleurotus ostreatus has occurred on a large scale, resulting in low yields and potential safety risks. It is of great significance to find safe and effective antibacterial agents for the development of P. ostreatus industry. Objective] In this study, five different methods were used to obtain Allium sativum leachate samples. The effects of A. sativum leachate samples on P. tolaasii and the mycelial growth of P. ostreatus were then tested. Methods] The inhibition zone method was used to determine the antibacterial effects of five A. sativum leachate samples on P. tolaasii. The plate diffusion method was employed to screen out the leachate sample and the appropriate concentration that can promote the growth of P. ostreatus. Results] The five A. sativum leachate samples had strong activity against P. tolaasii. Among them, 10% A. sativum leachate prepared with apricot shell wood vinegar had the best performance, with the antibacterial effect equivalent to that of 0.33 mg/mL streptomycin. Moreover, it significantly promoted the mycelial growth of P. ostreatus, as manifested by the dense mycelia and neat edges, which was better than that of the control. Conclusion] This research lays an experimental foundation for the prevention and treatment of brown blotch disease infecting P. ostreatus by the combination of A. sativum and apricot shell wood vinegar.