DNA水凝胶应用于环境样品快速检测的研究进展

DNA作为生物大分子既可以引导生物发育和生命机能活动,也可以被用作构筑纳米生物材料。DNA水凝胶可以制备成兼具DNA生物功能和水凝胶特质,应用于环境样品的分析检测。依据制备DNA水凝胶长链的方法,对比分析了聚合酶链反应、杂交链式反应、滚环扩增技术的制备,物理水凝胶和化学水凝胶的合成过程和改性方法技术特点;并结合环境样品浓度检测的变性响应特点,分析了荧光、比色、电化学法分析检测的技术要点和检测性能,与大型仪器分析方法相比该方法具有检出限低、检出范围广、检测时间快、测样成本偏低等特点,是一种方便快捷、应用前景广泛的方法;最后对其检出性能和经济性进行评估,并对其应用前景进行总结和展望。

Advances in the Application of DNA Hydrogels to the Rapid Detection of Environmental Samples

As biological macromolecules to guide biological development and life function activities,DNA can also be used to construct nanomaterials.DNA hydrogels can be prepared with both DNA biological function and hydrogel characteristics and applied to the analysis and detection of environmental samples.Polymerase chain reaction,hybridization chain reaction,roll-ring amplification and DNA super-analysis self-assembly were compared and analyzed according to the method of preparing long DNA hydrogel chains.It is concluded that the single technology of DNA amplification cannot meet the experimental requirements,and the appropriate technology should be selected according to the experimental conditions.The synthesis principle and process of physical hydrogels and chemical hydrogels are introduced.Chemical gels are mainly based on DNA ligase or DNA terminal synthesis.The physical glue formation is mainly based on van der Waals force or hydrogen bond synthesis.Since physical hydrogels and chemical hydrogels are not sensitive to environmental changes,the synthesis process needs to be improved.By comparing and analyzing the characteristics of modification methods,the synthetic DNA hydrogel can respond quickly to environmental changes and be applied to environmental sample detection.In combination with the denaturation response characteristics of environmental sample concentration detection,the technical points and detection performance of colorimetric,fluorescence and electrochemical methods are analyzed.Colorimetric method uses color developing agent as a indicator signal.When the structure of hydrogel changes,the sample can be detected according to the color of the developing agent.Fluorescence analysis uses the color and intensity of fluorescence to detect the sample qualitatively or quantitatively.Electrochemical analysis uses electrical signals such as resistance and current to detect samples quickly.Compared with the large instrument analysis method,these methods have the characteristics of low detection limit,wide detection range,fast detection time and low sample cost,etc.It is a convenient and fast method with a wide application prospect.Finally,the performance and economy of detection are evaluated,and its application prospect is summarized and prospected.