基于“退化压力-供给状态-修复潜力”框架的国土空间生态修复分区——以珠江三角洲为例

综合考虑生态系统服务供给状态、城市化的生态系统压力以及经济发展支撑生态修复的潜力,开展国土空间生态修复分区,有助于提供自然生态系统和社会经济系统融合的空间途径,促进区域生态系统的整体保护与协同治理。基于"退化压力-供给状态-修复潜力"框架,系统评估珠江三角洲生态系统的压力、状态与潜力,开展国土空间生态修复分区。结果表明,压力指标在珠江三角洲核心区形成连片的高值区并逐渐向外部肇庆市、惠州市、江门市的中心城区辐射;供给指标空间分布差异较大,低值区与高值区之间缺乏自然过渡;潜力指标高值区主要位于各市高度发达的中心城区。珠江三角洲地区国土空间生态修复分区共划分出五大类型区,其中生态优先修复区（压力高-供给低-潜力低）位于广佛都市圈的交界地带,东莞市,珠海市与中山市的中心城区,占珠江三角洲土地总面积9.39%,亟待整合生态修复专项经费开展区际协同治理;生态治理调控区（压力低-供给低-潜力低）主要位于广州市的南沙区,佛山市、中山市与珠海市的非中心城区,占比12.98%,区域经济发展需强化资源环境承载力约束;生态自主修复区（压力高-供给低-潜力高）主要位于深圳市的宝安区、南山区与福田区,广州市的中心城区以及佛山市的禅城区,占比3.24%,应坚持地区生态保护修复政策、加大生态环境治理投资力度。研究结果明晰了珠江三角洲地区国土空间生态修复分区,将为生态修复工程的系统布局提供空间决策指引。

Territorially ecological restoration zoning based on the framework of degradation pressure, supply state and restoration potential: a case study in the Pearl River Delta region

By considering the supply state of ecosystem service, the ecosystem pressure of urbanization and the restoration potential of economic development in territorially ecological restoration zoning, it can help to provide a spatial approach for the integration of naturally ecological system and socioeconomic system, and to promote the overall protection and coordinated governance of regional ecosystem. Based on the framework of degradation pressure, supply state and restoration potential, this study fully assessed the pressure, state and potential of the ecosystem to identify the territorially ecological restoration zoning in the Pearl River Delta. The results showed that the pressure index formed a series of high-value areas in the core area of Pearl River Delta and gradually radiated to the central cities of Zhaoqing City, Huizhou City and Jiangmen City. The spatial distribution of supply index was different, for which there is no natural transition between low and high values. The high-potential index areas were mainly located in highly developed urban centers. The territorially ecological restoration zoning in Pearl River Delta were divided into five categories. Among them, the ecological priority restoration zone (high pressure, low supply and low potential) was located in the border area of Guangzhou-Foshan metropolitan area, Dongguan City, and the central city of Zhongshan City and Zhuhai City, accounting for 9.39% of Pearl River Delta, which was in urgent need of special funds for territorially ecological restoration to carry out inter-regional coordinated governance. The ecological control zone (low pressure, low supply and low potential) was mainly located in Nansha District of Guangzhou City, and the non-central city of Foshan City, Zhongshan City and Zhuhai City, accounting for 12.98% of Pearl River Delta. It was necessary to promote regional economic development within the scope of resource and environment. The ecologically autonomous restoration zone (high pressure, low supply and high potential) was mainly located in Baoan District, Nanshan District and Futian District of Shenzhen City, the central city of Guangzhou City and Chancheng District of Foshan City, accounting for 3.24% of Pearl River Delta. The region should adhere to the implementation of regionally ecological restoration policies and investment in environmental governance. The results clarified the territorially ecological restoration zoning in the Pearl River Delta region, which would provide decision guidance for the system layout of ecological restoration projects.