高标准基本农田建设对耕地生态系统服务价值的影响

耕地不仅有粮食生产功能,更具备重要的生态功能。高标准基本农田建设是保障国家粮食安全的重要战略举措,可以提升耕地质量、增强耕地抗灾能力和耕地生态系统服务能力。以北京市为例,在确定不同等级耕地生态系统服务价值的基础上,通过预测法计算高标准基本农田建设能提升的耕地等级,在此基础上测算耕地生态系统服务价值的提升程度,以此定量化高标准基本农田建设对耕地生态系统服务价值的影响。研究发现,通过高标准基本农田建设,北京市耕地等级可以平均提高2.28个利用等,耕地生态系统服务价值由原来的48.83×10~8元提升到52.22×10~8元,说明高标准基本农田建设在提高区域生产能力的同时,也能明显的提高区域生态水平。研究为定量化测算高标准基本农田建设造成的生态系统服务价值变化提供了思路。

Impact of high-standard prime farmland construction on ecosystem service value in Beijing

The evaluation of ecosystem service value (ESV) is a popular research topic within the fields of ecological economics and environmental economics. Cultivated land not only has the ability to produce grain, but also has important ecological functions, especially in and around large cities. The high-standard prime farmland (HSPF) construction has been playing a key role for the food security of China by improving the comprehensive productivity of cultivated land and agricultural production conditions. The ecosystem service ability of the cultivated land is also improved by HSPF construction. This study used Beijing as an example to explore the impact of HSPF construction on ESV. There are 16 cropland-using grades (CUG) in the farmland classification of Beijing, each CUG having a different productivity level. The basic ESV for each grade is determined by coupling the ESV, yield, and grade. The average ESV is assigned to the farmland with the middle CUG value (13), and the ESV of farmland with other CUG values are calculated based on the proportional relationship between the accessible productivity with each CUG, and the ESV of the farmland. The potential of utilization grade of farmland classification is evaluated by pre-evaluation. Therefore, a new ESV of farmland with different CUG is obtained. Consequently, the impact of HSPF construction on ecosystem service value is calculated. The results showed that the average CUG of cultivated land in Beijing can increase 2.28 degrees by HSPF construction, most cultivated land can increase 1 degree, some can increase 2 or 3 degrees, and a few can increase by more than 4 degrees. There is much more cultivated land in the southeastern part of Beijing than there is in the rest of the city, and the CUG of this cultivated land can increase by only 1 or 2 degrees. The potential to increase is low because the cultivated land in this region is high quality and therefore already has a high CUG. However, the CUG potential in the southwestern region is also high but most of the cultivated land can increase by more than 2 degrees. The quality of the cultivated land in this region is low and therefore has greater ability to improve. According to this study, the ESV of cultivated land in Beijing could increase from 48.83x10⁸ Yuan to 52.22x10⁸ Yuan by HSPF construction. HSPF construction can improve the ecological level of cultivated land, in addition to increasing grain production. This research provides a new way to quantify the impact of HSPF construction on ESV.