城市生态系统景观格局特征及形成机制

以城市生态系统的格局一过程一功能等相关概念的辨析为基础，重点分析了城市景观格局的基本特征，以及城市格局对生态系统过程和功能的影响。结果表明，高度人工化、高度的时空异质特性、破碎性、不稳定性是城市景观格局最为显著的特征。城市所在区域的自然环境条件，历史文化传统，城市格局的基本骨架——交通系统和城市职能是影响城市格局形成和演变的重要驱动因素。城市景观结构决定了其生态过程。综合研究城市景观格局-过程-功能的关系，认识城市的发展演变过程，可为城市规划、建设和管理提供重要的科学基础。

Landscape pattern and their formation of urban ecosystems

This paper reviewed the concepts,research method and experience about urban landscape,the basic characteristics of urban landscape,and the main driving factors of urban landscape formation.The results showed that high human-dominance,fragmentation,instability and heterogeneity are the basic important characteristics of urban landscape.Regional physical conditions,development history and particular cultural features,transportation system and cities' functions are the major driving forces to affect urban landscape formation.Urban evolved landscape patterns would determine the various processes of urban ecosystem,such as the material cycling,energy flow and biological process.Sustainable urban landscape patterns might strengthen urban ecosystem's services,such as improving micro-climate,purifying urban air,reducing urban noise,changing urban surface hydrological conditions,degrading urban pollution,and providing various recreational functions for urban citizens.