ATPase与植物抗盐性

本文综述了高等植物细胞ATPase在盐胁迫下的活性变化及其调控机制。V型H+_ATPase与细胞离子区隔化和植物抗盐性密切相关。盐胁迫提高抗盐植物液泡膜H+_ATPase活性,主要是通过增加V型H+_ATPase主要功能亚基的基因表达以及蛋白质合成。盐胁迫通常降低质膜H+-ATPase活性,很可能是由于酶蛋白质合成受阻,质膜H+-ATPase活性的变化与盐胁迫的强度和时间长短有关。此外,本文还对ABA和Ca2+-CaM等胁迫信号物质对ATPase活性的调控及其与植物抗盐性的关系进行了总结。研究ATPase对盐胁迫的响应和调控机制,有助于阐明植物的盐生境适应机制,也有利于植物的抗盐育种工作。

ATPase and Salt Resistance in Plants

The review summarizes variations in ATPase activity under NaCl stress conditions and the possible regulation mechanisms in higher plants. Vacuolar H+_ATPase showed higher correlation with plant salinity tolerance because of its contribution to salt ion compartmentation. In general, V-H+_ATPase activity is increased in salt-tolerant plant species, which presumably results from the increased genetic expression and synthesis of tonoplast H+_ATPase subunits under saline conditions. Salinity results in a decreased activity of plasma membrane H+_ATPase, which is the result of reduced H+_ATPase synthesis. However, the effects of salt stress on plasma membrane H+_ATPase activity depend on the intensity and duration of salt stress. In addition, the effect of salt stress-induced signal transduction on ATPase control and rel- evance to salinity tolerance is elucidated. Collectively, understanding ATPase responses to NaCl stress is favorable for elucidating plant adaptation mechanisms and subsequent plant breeding.