对金龟子具有杀虫专一性的苏云金芽孢杆菌综述(英文)

自从 190 1年Ishiwata首次报导猝倒菌以来 ,已有数千篇有关苏云金芽孢杆菌的论文相继发表。在苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Bt)的害虫生物防治领域中首次发现对鳞翅目昆虫有杀虫专一性的Bt菌株以后 ,又有了划时代的进展。Goldberg和Margalit发现了杀双翅目幼虫的以色列亚种 (subsp .isrealensis) ,以及Kreig等人发现了对某些鞘翅目幼虫有毒的拟步行甲亚种 (sbusp .tenebrionis)。 1992年 ,Ohba等分离到了日本亚种(subsp .japonensis)对金龟子有专一性杀虫作用的菌株Buibui。该菌株及与之有关的研究进展即是本文讨论的重点。这些发现不仅丰富了苏云金芽孢杆菌科学 ,也丰富了生物防治的应用策略。另一方面 ,在毒素蛋白结构及其杀虫机制的分子生物学和生物化学领域也已获巨大进展。但对杀虫机制尚未完全明了。例如 ,对杀虫蛋白与中肠上皮细胞原生质膜上的受体蛋白的相互作用就知之甚少。这一领域在某种程度上还是众说纷纭。展论这些令人兴奋而又难解的课题将最终促成二十一世纪可持续农业的建立。

BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SPECIFIC TO SCARABA-EID BEETLES: A REVIEW

Since the first report of Bacillus sotto by Ishiwata in 1901, thousands of related papers about Bacillus thuringiensis have been documented. In the field of biocontrol of insect pests by this bacterium, after the initial discovery of several B. thuringiensis isolates specific for lepidopteran insects, the isolation of B. thuringiensis israelensis, specific to dipteran larvae by Goldberg and Margalit, and B. thuringiensis tenebrionis, specific to some group of coleopteran insects by Krieg et al . were epoch making advances. In 1992, Ohba et al. isolated B. thuringiensis japonensis strain Buibui, which was specific to only scarabaeid larvae. This isolate is the main target of our discussion in this review. These discoveries by which not only B. thuringiensis sciences, but also applied biological control strategies have been enriched, which inspirit us to screen novel isolates. On the other hand, the fields of molecular biology and biochemistry studies on the structural elucidation of toxin proteins and mechanism of action have also tremendously progressed. But the complete mechanism has yet to be solved. For instance, interaction between receptor proteins locating on the plasma membrane of insect midgut epithelial cells and insecticidal proteins has not been fully sketched. In a way, this field is still in chaos. Addressing these exciting and enigmatic subjects will eventually lead to the construction of sustainable agriculture in the 21st century.