大豆田中大豆蚜天敌昆虫群落结构分析

为了明确大豆田中大豆蚜Aphis glycines Matsumura天敌昆虫的群落结构特点,采用系统调查法对大豆蚜天敌的种类及数量进行调查。结果表明,大豆蚜天敌昆虫主要有5目11科19种,另外还有一些捕食性蜘蛛。主要优势种为小花蝽Orius minutus、龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica、中华草蛉Chrysopa sinica以及蚜小蜂Aphelinus sp.和异色瓢虫Leis axyridis,捕食性蜘蛛其中小花蝽的相对丰盛度达到0.26以上。小花蝽和龟纹瓢虫发生较早,是大豆蚜发生初期的主要控制因素。物种多样性、均匀度、丰富度、物种数和个体数整体趋势表现为先增加后降低,在7、8月达最大;而优势集中性和优势度则表现为先降低后增加的趋势,群落较稳定。

Community structure of natural enemies of the soybean aphid in soybean field

The community characteristics of natural enemies of the soybean aphid （ Aphis glycines ） were investigated. The natural enemies were abundant, including 19 insect species of 5 orders and 11 families and several species predatory spiders. Orius minutus （L.）, Propyleajaponica （Thunberg）, Harrnonia axyridis （Pallas）, Aphelinus sp. and Chrysopa sinica （Tjeder） were dominant species, and the dominance of O. minutus was over 0.26. O. minutus and P. japonica occurred early, and they became the main controlling factors at the beginning of the soybean aphid population. Diversity, evenness, richness, species number, and individual number were gradually increasing and reached the maximum in July and August. In contrast, the numbers of dominance and dominant concentration were gradually decreasing at first in July, but increasing in September. The community had a steady structure.