超声在糖尿病肾病诊断中的应用价值

由于快速变化的生活方式,我国糖尿病的患病率呈逐年上升趋势。糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)是糖尿病最常见、最严重的微血管病变并发症之一,并且已经成为全球终末期肾病的最常见病因。因此,早期诊断、早期治疗是延缓DN进展的重点。超声是临床评价肾脏形态、功能常用的检查方法,与血、尿实验室检查相比,具有方便、快捷、无创、经济的优势。随着科学技术的发展,越来越多的超声新技术应用于临床,极大的丰富了诊断信息。本文就各项超声检查技术在检测DN患者肾脏体积、实质回声、血流动力学改变中的应用价值作一综述。得出结论:在DN早期血、尿实验室检查正常时超声已经可以发现肾脏体积、血流动力学发生了变化。因此,超声在DN的早期诊断、动态监测病程进展方面所发挥的作用是其他检查方法所不可替代的。三维超声技术和超声弹性成像在DN患者肾脏功能评价方面有着广泛研究空间及临床应用前景。

Value of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis on Diabetic Nephropathy

Due to the rapid changes in the way of life, there is an upward trend in the prevalence of diabetes in our country. Diabetic nephropathy （DN） is one of the most common and most serious microvascular complications of diabetes, which remains one of the commonest causes for end-stage renal disease worldwide. Therefore, early diagnosis and early treatment is key to delay the progress of DN. Ultrasonography is a regular method to estimate shape and function of kidney in clinic, has the advantages of convenient, quick, noninvasive, economic compared with laboratory examinations. With the development of science and technology, more and more new ultrasound technology have been used in the clinic that greatly enriched the diagnostic information. In this paper the application of ultrasonography in detecting renal size, parenchyma echo, hemodynamic changes of patients with DN were reviewed. Came to the conclusion that at the early stage of DN, laboratory examinations were normal but ultrasound found that renal volume and hemodynamic have been changed. So ultrasound played an irreplaceable role in early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression of DN. Three- dimensional ultrasound and ultrasonic elastography have wide research space and clinical application prospects in the evaluation of renal function in patients with DN.