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Specific blood group antibodies inhibit Shigella flexneri interaction with human cells in the absence of spinoculation

Institution:	1. School of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular & Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia;2. Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia;1. Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China;2. Central Laboratory, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China;1. Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China;2. Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China;1. Department of Pediatric Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China;2. Department of Rheumatology, Children''s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China;3. Department of Neonatology, Children''s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China;4. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China;1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, South Korea;3. Meta-Inflammation Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, South Korea;2. Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;4. Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea;1. Department of Microbiology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, South Korea;2. Division of Tumor Immunology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, South Korea;3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, South Korea;1. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China;2. Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China;3. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan;4. State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China

Abstract:	The classical models of investigating Shigella flexneri adherence and invasion of tissue culture cells involve either bacterial centrifugation (spinoculation) or the use of AfaE adhesin to overcome the low infection rate observed in vitro. However clinically, S. flexneri clearly adheres and invades the human colon in the absence of ‘spinoculation’. Additionally, certain S. flexneri tissue cell based assays (e.g. plaque assays and infection of T84 epithelial cells on Transwells®), do not require spinoculation. In the absence of spinoculation, we recently showed that glycan-glycan interactions play an important role in S. flexneri interaction with host cells, and that in particular the S. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide O antigen glycan has a high affinity for the blood group A glycan. During the investigation of the effect of blood group A antibodies on S. flexneri interaction with cells, we discovered that Panc-1 cells exhibited a high rate of infection in the absence of spinoculation. Select blood group A antibodies inhibited invasion of Panc-1 cells, and adherence to T84 cells. The use of Panc-1 cells represents a simplified model to study S. flexneri pathogenesis and does not require either spinoculation or exogenous adhesins.

Keywords:	Spinoculation Adherence Invasion Anti-blood group A antibodies Lipopolysaccharide Anti-A"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0045"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"anti-blood group A antibodies LPS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0055"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"lipopolysaccharide Oag"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0065"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"O antigen BGA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0075"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"blood group A S-LPS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0085"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"smooth LPS R-LPS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0095"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"rough LPS IF"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0105"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"immunofluorescence
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