拉祜族食用花卉的民族植物学研究

应用民族植物学的方法,对拉祜族的食用花卉进行了调查和研究,发现有相当多的花卉种类在一个狭窄的范围被一个单一的民族食用,实属罕见;首次全面报道了拉祜族食用花卉92种,分别属于37个科。其食用过程中的加工方法和烹调技巧都有讲究,食花的部位也有所选择。探讨了地域差别与食用花卉的异同,发现同一民族在不同地域环境或具有一定地理距离时,其选择的食用花种类有很大的不同,这与他们的生活习惯、居住环境及海拔高度有着极为密切的关系。有些植物分布区域很广,但不是分布区域内的同一民族都会选择食用它们;有些植物在不同的区域内虽然都被食用,但食用的目的和意义并不如一。还探讨了拉祜族食用花卉的重要性,以及其文化意义及开发利用前景。

Ethnobotanical studies on the edible flowers in Lahu Societies

The edible flowers consumed by the Lahu people in Southwest Yunnan,China,has been studied intensively in the present paper. It has been discovered that 92 species in 37 families of flowers were collected and eaten by a single ethnic group in a quite small area. The processing methods and cooking skills of edible flowers have been well-developed. The edible part within flower or inflorescence is selected carefully by the Lahu people. There are differences in regions and flower groups in terms of flower-eating phenomena,depending on traditional customs,living environment and elevation level. Some edible flowers with wide distribution area may not be eaten by all people within the Lahu Societies. Although some species are eaten by many people,their objective or function are different in different regions. The significance of flower-eating was discussed in this paper. The cultural values and development potentials of edible flowers were also proposed.