鲤亚科鱼类的系统发育

鲤亚科是由原始的鲃亚科派生的一个单源群,因此,把鲤亚科各属筛选出的性状与纪亚科的相应性状比较,以确定其性质,即该性状为祖征,还是为离征。经比较,发现25项性状在鲤亚科的5个属中呈镶嵌分布。根据性状的镶嵌分布情况和简约性原则,推导出鲤亚科的属间系统发育分支图。以往的观点认为,鲃鲤属与原鲤属的关系较近。现在系统发育关系分析的结果与此全然不同,原鲤属与鲤属的关系较近,而纪鲤属在鲤亚科内是较早分化出的一支,与亚科内其他4个属的关系相对较远。最后,依化石资料分析了鲤亚科的分化时间。

PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILY CYPRININAE (PISCES: CYPRINIDAE)

This paper deals with the phytogeny of subfamily Cyprininae. Based on the opinion that Cyprininae is a monophyly derived from the subfamily Earbinae. Barbinae is chosen as an outgroup, from which some species are chosen as its representatives (Tab. 1). According to comparisons of skeletons, the auther is inclined to classify genus Scaphognathops under Barbinae rather than under Cyprininae. Consequently subfamily Cyprininae consists of five genera, i. e. Puntioplitcs, Procypris, Cyprinus, Carassioides and Carassius.Comparisons of characters between Cyprininae and Barbinae are studied. Then plesiomorphy and apomorphy are inferred. The state of all characters can be identified except fontanelle appearing in Puntioplites (Tab. 3). Based on characters analysis, a cladogram is deduced, showing in Fig. 10. It showes that Puntioplites is the sistergroup of other genera which share 4 syna-pomorphies (1, 2, 4, 5). It means that there are closer relationships among Procypris, Cyprinus, Carassioides and Carassius than the relationship between any of them and Puntioplites. This idea is different from the past idea (Wang, 1977; Wu, 1987), which believed that there was a close relationship between Procypris and Puntioplites. The auther considers that Procypris and Cyprinus form a sistergroup, and they are closer in the relationship.According to records of fossils, it can be inferred that Cyprininae had been derived from Barbinae in Miocene or early and that all living genera today had been evolved in Pliocene.