Design and use of a simulation model to evaluate germplasm for antibiotic resistance to the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and the sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) |
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| Authors: | W. A. Van Giessen C. Mollema K. D. Elsey |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Dept. of Vegetables and Fruit Crops, DLO-Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research (CPRO-DLO), P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;(2) U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 2875 Savannah Highway, 29414-5334 Charleston, SC, USA;(3) Department of Plant Pathology and Physiology, Clemson University, 120 Long Hall, Box 340 377, 29 634-0377 Clemson, SC, USA;(4) Department of Entomology, Agricultural University Wageningen, P.O. Box 8031, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | SARAH (Software for theAssessment of antibioticResistance toAleyrodidae inHost plants) is a deterministic simulation model of whitefly population growth based on whitefly life-history components determined on individual plants. The life-history components recorded were oviposition rate, adult survival, pre-adult survival, developmental period, and sex ratio. The simulation model serves as a tool to combine these components and to obtain a single criterion for (antibiotic) resistance. The criterion used was the decrease in simulated intrinsic population growth rate, r s , relative the r s value determined on a susceptible control genotype. This model-based evaluation method was tested using the greenhouse whitefly,Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, on tomato and the sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, on tomato, eggplant, collard, and pepper. To study its consistency over time, the evaluation method was repeated six times forT. vaporariorum on a susceptible and a resistant tomato cultivar. Simulated intrinsic population growth rate was more consistent in indicating resistance than any of the individual life-history components. Of tenL. hirsutum accessions tested for resistance toT. vaporariorum, three exhibited r s values that were significantly lower than those for the susceptible control. In addition, on these tenL. hirsutum accessions, a significant positive correlation was observed between r s and sex ratio (# females/# males). Four host plant species (tomato, collard, eggplant, and pepper) were evaluated for resistance toB. tabaci. All life-history components and r s values varied among host species, while a negative r s value was observed forB. tabaci on pepper. A high correlation was found between results from a sensitivity analysis of SARAH and results from a sensitivity analysis of a validated whitefly population simulation model by Yanoet al. (1989a). Significant correlations were found for the relationships between oviposition rate, adult survival, or pre-adult survival and r s , indicating that none of these life-history components can be omitted from the test procedure. This model-based evaluation method offers a standardized way to quantify levels of antibiotic resistance to whiteflies and will enhance efficiency in breeding programs. |
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| Keywords: | computer simulation model population growth host-plant resistance resistance evaluation greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci Homoptera Aleyrodidae |
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