Spatial and temporal patterns of soil respiration over the Japanese Archipelago: a model intercomparison study |
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Authors: | Akihiko Ito Kazuhito Ichii Tomomichi Kato |
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Institution: | (1) National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan;(2) Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan;(3) QUEST, Department of Earth Science, University of Bristol, Queen’s Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK |
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Abstract: | We used terrestrial ecosystem models to estimate spatial and temporal variability in and uncertainty of estimated soil carbon
dioxide (CO2) efflux, or soil respiration, over the Japanese Archipelago. We compared five carbon-cycle models to assess inter-model variability:
Biome-BGC, CASA, LPJ, SEIB, and VISIT. These models differ in approaches to soil carbon dynamics, root respiration estimation,
and relationships between decomposition and environmental factors. We simulated the carbon budget of natural ecosystems over
the archipelago for 2001–2006 at 1-day time steps and 2-min (latitude and longitude) spatial resolution. The models were calibrated
using measured flux data to accurately represent net ecosystem CO2 exchange. Each model successfully reproduced seasonal changes and latitudinal gradients in soil respiration. The five-model
average of estimated total soil respiration of Japanese ecosystems was 295 Tg C year−1, with individual model estimates ranging from 210 to 396 Tg C year−1 (1 Tg = 1012 g). The differences between modeled estimates were more evident in summer and in warmer years, implying that they were mainly
attributable to differences in modeling the temperature dependence of soil respiration. There was a large discrepancy between
models in the estimated contribution of roots to total soil respiration, ranging from 3.9 to 48.4%. Although model calibration
reduced the uncertainty of flux estimates, substantial uncertainties still remained in estimates of underground processes
from these terrestrial carbon-cycle models. |
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