骨髓间充质干细胞的免疫学研究进展

间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）是骨髓中除造血干细胞以外的另一种成体干细胞,广泛分布于动物体内骨髓、肝脏、脂肪等多种组织中。MSCS具有强大的自我更新能力和多向分化潜能,是移植领域应用前景广阔的再生来源细胞;同时,MSCs是一种重要的免疫调节细胞,MSCs在炎症细胞因子刺激后对免疫系统表现出很强的抑制作用,所以MSCs有望应用于减少免疫排斥,延长移植物存活时间,治疗相关免疫失调症,如自身免疫疾病等方面。本文主要对间充质干细胞与免疫系统相互作用的研究做相关介绍。

Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells are a kind of adult stem cells existing in many tissues including bone marrow, liver, and fat and play a critical role in the maintenance of the cellular homeostasis in various tissues. Due to their strong self-renewal capacity and high potential of multilineage differentiation, MSCs are expected to contribute significantly to the development of new strategies for the treatment of some otherwise incurable disease. In addition, MSCs also possess strong immunomodulatory ability. They can actively suppress immune reactions after being stimulated by inflammatory cytokines, and therefore, they are being investigated for decreasing immunological rejections, prolonging the survival of allogeneic graft, and control autoimmune disorders. This review will focus on the current understanding of the mechanism of the interactions between MSCs and the immune system.