Evolution of ketosynthase domains of polyketide synthase genes in the Cladonia chlorophaea species complex (Cladoniaceae) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2;2. Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2;1. Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA;2. Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;3. German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;1. College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2. College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China;1. Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil;2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil;3. Postgraduate Program in Biology Applied to Health Sciences, Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology, Recife, PE, Brazil;4. Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil;5. Academic Center of Vitoria, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil;6. Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil;1. Department of Plant Pathology, 201F Plant Sciences Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA;2. Department of Chemistry, 339 Chemistry-Physics Building, 505 Rose Street, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA;3. The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Forage Improvement Division, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401-2124, USA;4. Graduate Center for Toxicology, 521 Biopharmacy Building, 1000 South Limestone, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0293, USA;1. Centre d''Infection et d''Immunité de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Univ Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ Lille2, Lille F-59019, France;2. Laboratoire de Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Centre AZM pour la Recherche en Biotechnologie et ses Applications, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban;3. Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Univ Lille 2, Lille F-59006, France;4. Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHRU de Lille & Faculté de Médecine de Lille, Univ Lille Nord de France, Univ Lille 2, Lille F-59045, France;1. Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, Eberswalder Chaussee 3 A, 15377 Waldsieversdorf, Germany;2. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Life Sciences, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Lentzeallee 55, 14195 Berlin, Germany;3. Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Prof.-Oelkers-Str. 6, 34346 Hann. Münden, Germany |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Lichen-forming fungi synthesize a diversity of polyketides, but only a few non-reducing polyketide synthase (PKS) genes from a lichen-forming fungus have been linked with a specific polyketide. While it is a challenge to link the large number of PKS paralogs in fungi with specific products, it might be expected that the PKS paralogs from closely related species would be similar because of recent evolutionary divergence. The objectives of this study were to reconstruct a PKS gene phylogeny of the Cladonia chlorophaea species complex based on the ketosynthase domain, a species phylogeny of the complex, and to explore the presence of PKS gene paralogs among members of the species complex. DNA was isolated from 51 individuals of C. chlorophaea and allies to screen for the presence of 13 PKS paralogs. A 128 sequence PKS gene phylogeny using deduced amino acid sequences estimated from the 13 PKS paralogs and sequences subjected to BLASTx comparisons showed losses of each of two PKS domains (reducing and methylation). This research provided insight into the evolution of PKS genes in the C. chlorophaea group, species evolution in the group, and it identified potential directions for further investigation of polyketide synthesis in the C. chlorophaea species complex. |
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| Keywords: | Gene phylogeny ITS rDNA Methylation domain Non-reducing domain PKS paralog |
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