D-amino acids in the brain: structure and function of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent amino acid racemases |
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Authors: | Yoshimura Tohru Goto Masaru |
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Institution: | Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. yosimura@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp |
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Abstract: | D-serine serves as a co-agonist of the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor in mammalian brains, and its behavior is probably related to neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. D-Serine is synthesized by a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent serine racemase. In this minireview, we provide a detailed discussion on the reaction mechanism of the PLP-dependent amino acid racemase on the basis of its 3D structure. We compared the eukaryotic serine racemase with bacterial alanine racemase, the best-studied enzyme among the PLP-dependent amino acid racemases, and thus suggested a putative reaction mechanism for mammalian D-serine synthesis. |
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