陕西泾河流域2019年旧石器考古调查简报

泾河流域旧石器考古工作开展很早,1920年法国神父桑志华(E. Licent)在甘肃庆阳地区赵家岔、辛家沟黄土堆积中发现石英质石制品,标志着中国旧石器考古的开端。在之后的近100年时间里,学者们陆续在属于泾河流域的甘肃庆阳、平凉等地发现牛角沟、寺沟口、楼房子和陕西长武窑头沟、乾县大北沟等旧石器地点,这些发现丰富了泾河流域旧石器文化内涵。然而,上述发现多集中在泾河中上游,且开展时间较早,下游地区特别是关中平原几乎是一片空白。本次调查在泾河流域中下游新发现旧石器地点16处,集中分布在关中平原泾河及支流的黄土堆积上。在黄土堆积中获取石制品63件,类型包括石核、石片和刮削器等,属于北方地区石片石器工业。根据石制品埋藏层位及泾河流域地貌发育和地层对比,初步推测这些地点时代为晚更新世。

A preliminary report on the Paleolithic survey in Jinghe River basin,Shaanxi Province in 2019

Jinghe River system is one of the important areas on the study of human occupied patterns in Northwest China. In 1920, some stone artifacts were recovered from loess deposit by French Archaeologist E. Licent in Zhaojiacha and Xinjiagou, which marked the beginning milestone of Chinese Paleolithic Archaeology. In the past century, many Paleolithic localities such as Niujiaogou, Shigoukou, Loufangzi from Qingyang and Pingliang of Gansu, Yaotougou and Dabeigou from Changwu and Qianxian of Shannxi, which enriched the early human adapted data in the Jinghe River system. However, all the discoveries are buried in the Upper and Middle Jinghe River system, and the investigations were carried out several decades ago, while few information was gotten in the lower Jinghe River system. The new findings of this Paleolithic survey fill in gaps in the Lower Jinghe River system to some extent. Sixteen localities were discovered which centralized in the second terrace of the Middle to Lower Jinghe River system, and sixty-three stone artifacts were recovered from the loess deposit. The new discovered lithic artifacts include cores, flakes and scrapers, which can be assigned to the Flake Tool Tradition in North China. Judging from the artifact layers and comparison among the geomorphology and stratigraphy in Jinghe River system, the age of the artifact layers can be deduced to Late Pleistocene.