禾本科牧草和草坪草雄核发育与单倍体育种研究进展

禾本科牧草与草坪草在农业可持续发展、城市绿化和生态环境保护方面起着至关重要的作用。近年来, 随着生物技术的发展, 国内外在牧草及草坪草雄核发育与单倍体育种研究方面取得了较大进展。该文在归纳总结该领域研究成果的基础上, 对影响禾本科牧草及草坪草雄核发育与单倍体育种的几个主要因素进行了探讨。大量研究结果表明, 供试材料的基因型是影响培养效率的最主要因素。小孢子发育到单核中期至晚期时有利于提高培养效率。培养前花药经过低温和甘露醇等预处理不但可以提高愈伤组织的诱导效率, 还可提高愈伤组织的质量。适宜的激素种类和配比也是影响培养成败的关键因素。同时, 总结了雄核发育再生植株的倍性鉴定方法和加倍技术, 对单倍体育种技术在禾本科牧草及草坪草育种中的应用前景进行了展望。

Research Progress in Androgenesis and Haploid Breeding of Gramineous Forage and Turfgrass Plants

Gramineous forage and turfgrass are critical to sustainable agriculture and contribute extensively to urban landscaping and ecological protection. In recent years, with the rapid development of biotechnology, significant progress has been made in androgenesis and haploid breeding research of gramineous forage and turfgrasses. This review describes the development of androgenesis systems for gramineous forage and turfgrass and summarizes the latest progress of some important influencing factors on androgenesis and haploid breeding. The genotype of experimental materials is the main factor influencing androgenesis efficiency. The optimal stage for efficient androgenesis of microspore development is between middle and late uninucleate. The ratio and quality of callus induction were improved after anthers were pretreated with low temperature or mannitol. Suitable varieties and ratios of hormone are also the key factors in androgenesis. We summarize the methods of ploidy determination and techniques of chromosome doubling and point out prospects for further research into double haploid breeding in forage and turfgrass.