mRNA疫苗在疾病预防与治疗中的研究进展与展望

基于信使RNA(messenger RNA, mRNA)的核酸疫苗是近年来兴起的一种mRNA技术。mRNA疫苗比传统疫苗有许多优点,能够实现快速、经济、高效的生产。单个mRNA疫苗可以编码多种抗原,增强对特定病原体的免疫反应,提高疾病的治疗效率,以单一配方针对多种病原微生物或疾病。mRNA疫苗相关技术在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控中被视作一种革命性的疫苗技术,以创纪录的速度完成研发并成功应用。由于mRNA自身稳定性差,新型递送系统的开发与应用至关重要。随着mRNA相关药理学的深入研究,mRNA疫苗的临床应用进入了一个崭新的阶段。近年来。mRNA疫苗在传染性疾病预防、肿瘤治疗等方面获得充分发展并取得了一定的研究成果,对其进行概述并进行一定程度的展望。

Advances and Prospects of mRNA Vaccines Used in the Prevention and Therapies of Diseases

Nucleic acid vaccine based on messenger RNA (mRNA) is a kind of mRNA technology emerging in recent years. mRNA vaccines have many advantages over traditional vaccines, which can be manufactured in a cell-free manner, enabling rapid, economical and efficient production. In addition, single mRNA vaccines can encode multiple antigens, enhance the immune response against certain pathogens, improve the efficiency of treatment process of diseases, and can target multiple microbial or viral variants in a single formulation. mRNA is seen as a revolutionary vaccine technology in COVID-19 prevention and control, which has been developed and successfully applied in record time. The mRNA vaccine is with poor stability, so the development and applications of novel delivery systems are essential. With the intensive study of pharmacology of mRNA vaccines, the clinical applications of mRNA vaccines enter into a new stage. Recently, mRNA technologies were used in the prevention and therapies of diseases, and some results were published. Here, the output of mRNA vaccines used in prevention and therapies of diseases was summarized, and the development of mRNA vaccines was also discussed.