洛阳地区黄胸木蜂采访丹参的访花行为研究

在洛阳地区丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza的盛花期5月上中旬,采用目测、拍照、测量等方法记录丹参花的基本特征、黄胸木蜂Xylocopa appendiculata的访花行为、丹参被盗蜜后盗蜜口的大小和盗蜜率。在洛阳地区,黄胸木蜂是丹参的主要访花者,在对丹参进行访花时,多盗取花蜜。黄胸木蜂访花时,其单花停留时间平均为3.81±0.28 s,两花间隔时间的平均值为3.64±1.94 s,访花频率的平均值为每分钟采访的花朵数为6±0.98朵,访花朵数为6时,访花频率最大。黄胸木蜂在丹参上的盗蜜口的大小的平均值为0.304±0.046 cm,盗蜜率平均为37%±12%。黄胸木蜂对丹参的盗蜜现象普遍存在,且重复盗蜜,有的一朵花上可能有多个盗蜜口,其盗蜜行为对丹参繁殖适合度的影响还有待进一步研究。本文对黄胸木蜂采访丹参的访花行为进行研究,旨在为进一步开发和利用木蜂资源奠定基础。

Reaearch of foraging behaviors of Xylocopa appendiculata on Savia miltiorrhiza in Luoyang

In Luoyang, the full-blossom period of Salvia miltiorrhiza was early May, records and statistics of the basic characteristics of Salvia; using observation, photographs and other ways to record the foraging behavior of Xylocopa appendiculata, X. appendiculata is the main flower visitors of S. miltiorrhiza in Luoyang. The average of the residence time of a single flower was 3.81±0.28 s. The average of between two flowers was 3.64±1.94 s. The average of visit flowers in one minute was 6±0.98, 6 was the most. The size of the holes was 0.304±0.046 cm. The average of the rate of nectar robbing was 37%±0.12%. X. appendiculata nectar rob on S. miltiorrhiza was widespread, and may be steal a flower to chew more than one hole, X. appendiculata robbed the honey of S. miltiorrhiza repeatly. Nectar robbing acts reproductive fitness of S. miltiorrhiza has yet to be studied further. In this paper, the study of the foraging behavior of X. appendiculata visiting S. Miltiorrhiza aims to further the development and utilization of X. resource.