Apical diameter and branching density affect lateral root elongation rates in banana |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Science & Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden;2. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;3. The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB 15 8QH, UK;4. Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK;1. Assistant Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan;2. Clinical and Scientific Fellowship, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;3. Assistant Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan;4. Senior Resident, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan;5. Postgraduate Student, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan;6. Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan;7. Professor and Director, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;8. Professor, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan;1. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;2. Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, N-1431 Ås, Norway;3. Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University at Raleigh, Raleigh, NC, USA;1. Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan;2. Agronomy, Soils and Plant Physiology Division, Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice), Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines;3. Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Division, PhilRice, Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines;4. International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan;5. Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gialam, Hanoi, Viet Nam;1. Büsgen-Institute, Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg August University, Büsgenweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany;2. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;3. Büsgen-Institute, Deptartment of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg August University, Büsgenweg 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China;2. Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China |
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| Abstract: | Thick roots elongate faster than thinner ones. However, within one species, the growth achieved by roots of a given diameter can be very variable, and root diameter can only be considered as a determinant of root potential elongation rate. As root elongation is highly correlated to carbon availability, it can be hypothesized that local competition for resources, expressed as the number of lateral roots per unit length (i.e. the branching density), modulates root elongation. Using novel methods in field conditions, we have estimated apical diameters, elongation rates and growth durations of nearly 3500 banana lateral roots, in a field experiment with high radiations and a shaded glasshouse experiment with low radiations. Apical diameters and branching densities were lower in the experiment with low radiation, but elongation rates were higher. In both experiments, mean elongation rates of first-order laterals and thick second-order laterals were negatively correlated with bearing root branching densities. It is hypothesized that, even though apical diameters were lower, low branching densities in the shaded glasshouse allowed enhanced lateral root elongation. In both experiments, second-order laterals elongated more slowly than first-order laterals of similar diameter. A specific effect of root order, independent of branching density and apical diameter, contributed to explain these slow second-order lateral elongation rates. Most lateral roots elongated between 9 and 21 days and growth duration was mainly correlated with root diameter. |
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